MAIRAJ

Sustainable Development Goal-4 with the Perspective of Public Schools in Punjab

Dr. Saima Malik, Dr. Laila Khalid, Huma Ghulam Nabi — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This qualitative study aimed to examine the practical implications of Sustainable Development Goal-4 (SDGs) in public schools of Punjab. SDG-4 targets were analyzed through an educational plan framework (Asghar, 2016). Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) was deployed to analyze the status of implementation of SDG-4 and key gaps between the settled targets of SDG-4 and initiatives taken by the School Education Department Govt. of Punjab by organizing textual data and producing codes, and themes. Findings revealed that the School Education Department is managing three projects ie. Punjab Human Capital Investment Project (PHCIP), Actions to Strengthen Performance for Inclusive and Responsive Education (ASPIRE), and Transformation in Access, Learning, Equity & Education Management" (TALEEM) funded by World Bank and UNICEF respectively by its attached organization Punjab Monitoring and Implementation Unit-Punjab Education Sector Reforms (PMIU-PESRP). The findings of the present study are very informative as well as useful for researchers, School Education Department, and donor-funded agencies. Key recommendations include continuous teachers training; provision of resources to access quality and inclusive education; targeted interventions and societal awareness for removal of language and gender disparities in order to ensure equal learning opportunities for all.

Concept Of OM And Relativity In Herman Hesse’s Siddhartha

Hamza Hassan — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Siddhartha, published in 1922, is a literary work authored by Hermann Hesse. The literary work in question explores the metaphysical odyssey of an individual named Siddhartha, who embarks on a quest for self-realization within the historical context of the Gautama Buddha's era. This article centers its attention on a specific artwork and engages in a critical examination of the notion of Om and the relative nature of the issues explored within the novel. The notion of Om, representing the interconnectedness and unity of all phenomena, serves as essential catalysts for Siddhartha's moments of enlightenment. The attainment of enlightenment by Siddhartha is facilitated by his eventual comprehension of the concept of Om. However, throughout his journey, he encounters this thought on multiple occasions, each instance provoking a transformative effect on his being. Siddhartha, feeling disillusioned with many religious doctrines, chooses to renounce all religious avenues in his pursuit of enlightenment. This article centers its attention on the philosophical notion of "om" and explores its thematic significance in the novel Siddhartha, particularly in relation to the concept of relativity.

Federation And Federating Units: A Comparative Analysis Of Pakistan's Neighboring Federal Entities

Azhar Mahmood Abbasi — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The broad spectrum of ethnic, administrative, and political problems drives the demand for the creation of new federating units in various countries, particularly Pakistan. Moreover, the neighboring countries of Pakistan had witnessed the re-demarcation of states or provinces on distinct grounds and formed major or minor new federating units several times. However, Pakistan has failed to create any new province on any ground due to its complicated constitutional procedures, unstable political structure, as well as steal power politics. Furthermore, neighboring countries like India have created fifteen new states compared to its thirteen states in 1947. Currently, India has twenty-eight states and eight union territories. Similarly, the other neighboring countries like Iran, have thirty-one provinces and five unions, Afghanistan has thirty-four provinces (Wilayat) and China has thirty-one provinces and five autonomous regimes. Therefore, this present study intends to explore a comparative study of neighboring countries of Pakistan, about the creation of new provinces and thus present the key factors that why Pakistan failed to create any new province on any ground.

Visual Discourse Analysis Of Images From Israel And Hamas

Sarwat Farid Khan Khalil — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Since 2005, the world has witnessed the Israel- Hamas war that majorly culminates into hostage-crises. The issue of hostages is considered emotional for both Israel and Palestinians. However, not much research has been done on the narrative propagated by both sides during the hostage crisis. This narrative is mainly propagated through various images coming from both sides. The images from each side creates an opposing discourse that needs to be analyzed visually. Thus, an equal number of images were taken from each side and analyzed using Kress and van Leeuwen’s Multi-Modal Discourse Analysis. The findings showed that Hamas tries to portray a good image of self through various potages, while Israel tries to create a negative image of Hamas through potages that it provides to med

Analysis Of Grand Strategy Of Russia: A Case Study Of Putin’s Regime

Muhammad Umar Farooq Baloch, Shehar Bano — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The article revolves around the debate of Russian Grand Strategy with special focus on the Putin’s era. By using empirical designs based on interpretive approach, the research claims that modern day Russia is greatly transmuted by the Putin’s grand strategy. The dynamic shift of the Russian strategy has triggered the debate of resurgence of Russia, therefore it has changed the narrative from reserved assertiveness towards aggression by Putinism greatly prevailed through the 4 terms of his rule. Unlike Gorbachev Putin’s Russia rose through the remnants of cold war towards the dominance over the world but the western actions diverge it towards aggression as the security threats posed by NATO’s eastward expansionism. Russia pursues the objective to reclaim and hold its influence on its near abroad through challenging western ideals and pursuance of strategic ends across wide range of means.

Depiction Of Baltistan’s Civilization And Its People In Urdu Travelogue

Nazia Kanwal, Dr. Abu Bakar — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Baltistan is one of the most beautiful areas of Pakistan situated in its North. Mr. Asif Ali Zardari named this area Gilgit-Baltistan through an ordinance in 2009. The writers of Urdu travelogues in Pakistan have beautifully portrayed severalcolours of the civilization of Baltistane.g; cultural festivals, food, customs and traditions, sports and values in their works and enriched Urdu literature. Most of the travelogues have been written about Northern areas.

The writers of Urdu travelogues have depicted the beautiful scenes of huge mountains, hilarious cascades and fascinating valleys of ‘Gilgit-Baltistan’ in a way as if the reader is wander in heaven after its reading. Our writers have highlighted physical beauty and civilization of this area that the reader is much curious to visit this place. This area has been blessed not only with apparent beauty but also with spiritual enlightenment. The beauty of character of the natives stands for spiritual enlightenment. They have further adorned this area with beauty of their characters. They are different from the rest of the people of Pakistan in their simplicity, courage, hardworking, honour and sincerity and these qualities enrich their separate existence. In this article, a comprehensive analysis of civilization and people of Baltistan has been presented.

Representation Of Woman In Urdu Literature

Muhammad Ahmed Awan, Abdul Khalique — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the early period of literature, the concept of woman was completely traditional i.e. she had an exhibition status. Early Urdu poetry consisted of imaginations. In which woman appears as a lover. Here, the woman was either a queen or a princess. If she was a maidservant, she was so beautiful that men fell down and fainted as soon as they saw her. In Urdu poetry too, the poets distorted the original form of woman. Here, woman were limited to the limits of lovers and prostitutes, thus, in Urdu poetry and literature, woman came to be seen as an unfaithful concubine and the most important source of luxury and sensual pleasure for men. There is no mention of a woman from an average noble family because even taking a woman's name was considered bad during that time. Western education changed the makeup of the Indian woman to some extent. She realized her inferiority. He realized for the first time that there was a world outside the home.

Causes and effects of educational backwardness and Pakistani society

Aqsa Rukhsar, Dr. Shazia Razzaq — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The positive changes that education brings to our thoughts, helps in overcoming the difficulties of life. Various social problems of our society can be eradicated only through education because, the development of society depends upon the awareness of discernment which is possible only through education. An educated rank can lead a better standard of living. Education is the name of awakening of consciousness not only in individuals but also in masses and foster a civilized society. Any society lacking education is not only deemed incomplete but also a dysfunctional one in the world. Societies based on ignorance always fail and lead to anarchy, ill mannered, immoral, and uncivilized lifestyle. Success cannot be imagined without education. Education is the first necessity for socio-economic development of any nation. Education helps in maintaining law and order in the country. A well-educated population tends to uphold the law, while an uneducated one may promote criminal activities like theft, robbery, and murder to fulfill their needs and wants; ultimately disrupting social harmony and leading to; law and order violation in society. Education is the movement from darkness to light; and is the fundamental right of every human being in this world because the development of the world is entirely dependent on education.

Ancient Taxila University: Dispelling Myths and Misconceptions

Habib Gohar — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The bell of the world's first university in Taxila has been ringing incessantly. However, concrete evidence and historical impacts are yet to be found. Nevertheless, references to a prestigious educational institution in Taxila are frequently encountered in texts. The Buddhist storytellers of South India have selected distant Taxila as the "University Town" to fulfill the demands of the story. After the decline of Taxila and other Buddhist cities at the hands of Mehrkula in the sixth century A.D., the organization and structuring of Hindu literature began to be carried out with great zeal and enthusiasm. Taxila was presented as an ancient Vedic city through the mythical events of Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Vayu Purana. During the British era, archaeological excavations were carried out in Taxila, but no traces of a Buddhist university or Vedic era were found. When English historians expressed their reservations about Indian history, nationalist Hindu historians became active in glorifying the greatness of ancient India. The mythical Buddhist University was presented as an ancient Vedic university. Characters such as Panini and Chanakya were introduced as teachers. With the resurgence of Hindutva in India, Taxila's Vedic university has also been given a new life. Indian history is being rewritten once again to establish the historical reality of Deva Mala. This article will not only dispel misconceptions about Taxila University but also reveal the fact that the tradition of formulating Vedic doctrine, which began after Christ, continued until the 20th century, and the ancient Taxila University was an important part of this continuum.